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Reference SA-0173
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Fatawa Nur 'ala al-Darb
Tape no. 450
Shaykh Ibn Baz explained that seeking knowledge is one of the greatest acts of worship that brings a Muslim closer to Allah. He clarified that the ruling on seeking knowledge is divided into two categories.
The first category is Fard 'Ayn (an individual obligation) upon every Muslim, male and female. This is the essential knowledge required to practice the religion correctly. It includes understanding the basics of 'Aqidah (creed), such as the meaning of the Shahadah, the pillars of Iman, and what nullifies one's Islam. It also includes learning how to perform acts of worship that are obligatory upon oneself, such as the rules of Taharah (purification), Salah (prayer), Zakat (if applicable), and Sawm (fasting). Ignorance in these matters is not an excuse for one who is able to learn.
The second category is Fard Kifayah (a communal obligation). This refers to delving deeper into the Islamic sciences, such as memorizing the Qur'an, studying the sciences of Hadith, specializing in Fiqh, and learning the Arabic language. If a sufficient number of people in the community undertake this study to meet the needs of the Ummah, the obligation is lifted from the rest. For the individual, pursuing this type of knowledge is a highly recommended (mustahabb) and virtuous act.
The Shaykh emphasized that the path to knowledge is a path to Paradise and is a sign of Allah's favor.
Evidence
Qur'an
Hadith
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whomever Allah wills good for, He gives him understanding of the religion (Yufaqqihhu fid-Din)." (Narrated by al-Bukhari, 71; Muslim, 1037). He also said: "Whoever travels a path in search of knowledge, Allah will make easy for him a path to Paradise." (Narrated by Muslim, 2699).
Key Takeaway
Seeking knowledge of the religion is a great act of worship, portions of which are obligatory upon every Muslim, and it is a sign that Allah wills good for a person.
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