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Reference SA-0042
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Majmu' al-Fatawa
Majmu' al-Fatawa 11/650–658
A major sin (kabīrah) is every sin upon which a specific threat of the Fire, the curse, or the wrath of Allah is mentioned in the Qur'an or the Sunnah, or upon which a fixed legal punishment (hadd) is established. The greatest is shirk, then killing a soul without right, then consuming usury, then fleeing on the day of battle, then accusing chaste women, then disobedience to parents and severing kinship. The scholars differed in counting them — some said seven, some seventy — but the principle is the threat, not a fixed number.
Key Takeaway
A major sin is one that carries a specific Qur'anic or Prophetic threat (Fire, curse, hadd) — the count varies, but shirk is foremost.
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