What breaks the fast — when done deliberately, with knowledge, and by free choice — is restricted to what the texts have established: (1) eating or drinking of any kind that reaches the stomach through the mouth or nose; (2) marital intercourse — and this carries the heaviest expiation (kaffarah mughallazhah): freeing a slave, or fasting two consecutive months, or feeding sixty poor people; (3) deliberate vomiting — "Whoever vomits unintentionally need not make up the fast, but whoever induces vomiting deliberately let him make it up." (Abu Dawud 2380, sahih); (4) menstruation and post-natal bleeding for women; (5) cupping (al-hijamah) — for both the cupper and the one cupped, on the most authentic position. What does NOT break the fast: forgetting ("… let him complete his fast, for it is Allah who has fed him and given him drink" — Muslim 1155); rinsing the mouth without exaggeration; tasting food on the tip of the tongue without swallowing; emission of madhi; involuntary vomiting; injections that do not provide nutrition (e.g. insulin, antibiotics) according to the strongest position; eye drops and ear drops; the use of siwak; and emission of blood from a wound or nosebleed.