‘Īd

التعريف

The two legislated festivals: ‘Īd al-Fiṭr after Ramaḍān, and ‘Īd al-Aḍḥā during Ḥajj. The Prophet ﷺ replaced the two pre-Islamic festivals of Madīnah with these two.

الاشتقاق والجذر

From ع-و-د (ʿ-w-d), 'to return' — because the festival recurs (returns) annually with the same joy.

الاستخدام في القرآن

Of ʿĪsā: 'O Allah, our Lord, send down upon us a table from heaven to be for us a festival (ʿīd) for the first of us and the last of us' (al-Māʾidah 5:114).

الاستخدام في السنة

'Allah has replaced them with two better days: the day of al-Fiṭr and the day of al-Aḍḥā' (Abū Dāwūd, Nasāʾī — ṣaḥīḥ). 'Adorn your ʿĪd with takbīr' (Ṭabarānī — ḥasan). The Prophet ﷺ would go to ʿĪd prayer one route and return another, eat odd dates before al-Fiṭr ʿĪd and not before al-Aḍḥā until after the prayer.

ملاحظات علمية

ʿĪd prayer is wājib according to Imām Aḥmad and a strong opinion in the other madhāhib. Held in the open ground (muṣallā) preferentially, not the masjid. The takbīrāt al-zawāʾid are part of the prayer. Women — including those menstruating — are commanded to attend (Bukhārī).

مفاهيم خاطئة شائعة

(1) That birthdays, anniversaries, mawlid, and national days are 'ʿīds' — Islām has only two. (2) That fireworks and immodest mixing are part of the celebration — these contradict its essence.

التطبيق العملي

Take ghusl, wear your best clothes, perfume, eat dates before al-Fiṭr, walk to the muṣallā if possible, recite the takbīrāt aloud, give ʿīd greetings ('Taqabbal Allāhu minnā wa minkum'), visit family.

المزيد من General Terms